Infertility is a topic that many couples avoid discussing, even with each other. However, when the dream of having a child feels out of reach, it can become an emotionally and physically challenging experience. The inability to conceive often creates frustration, as many don’t know where to turn for help.
It is not just a personal issue; it has far-reaching implications for society and the economy. In India, infertility rates are rising, and it is becoming an increasing concern for couples across the country. Understanding the factors contributing to infertility and being aware of available solutions can empower couples to take the next steps on their journey to parenthood.
In this blog, we’ll identify common causes of infertility and discuss potential solutions that can help couples in their journey.
The Current Infertility Rate in India
Infertility affects a significant number of couples in India. A 2018 article by TOI states that around 27.5 million couples who wish to conceive are struggling with infertility.
Another National Family Health Survey 2019-21 found that the TFR (total fertility rate) has dropped from 2.2 in 2015-16 to 2.0. In an urban population, the TFR was 1.6 and 2.1 in a rural setting.
(The total fertility rate (TFR) is the average number of children a woman would give birth to throughout her reproductive years.)
Causes of Rising Infertility Rate in India
Before seeking solutions, let's delve into the key reasons behind the rising infertility rates in India.
Several factors contribute to rising infertility rates in India:
1. Lifestyle
Traditional lifestyles in India often emphasised physical activity, home-cooked meals, and close community connections, contributing to overall well-being. Over time, lifestyle changes such as evolving dietary habits, reduced physical activity, increased work-related stress, and behaviours like smoking or alcohol consumption have been associated with challenges, including a potential impact on fertility.
2. Age-Related Issues
Age plays a significant role in fertility. Women's fertility starts to decline after the age of 32, and this decline becomes more pronounced as they approach their late 30s. Men also experience decreased fertility with age, although this change tends to happen more gradually.
3. Medical Conditions
Certain medical conditions are known to affect fertility rates significantly.
For Women:
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): This condition affects many women in India (ranging from 3.7 to 22.5%) and can lead to irregular menstrual cycles and hormonal imbalances, making it difficult to conceive.
Endometriosis: This painful condition occurs when tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus grows outside it, affecting fertility.
Factors related to Cervical region: Benign uterine polyps or tumours block fallopian tubes, impacting fertility.
For Men:
Sperm Disorders: Low sperm count or poor sperm motility can lead to difficulties in conception. Factors such as stress, unhealthy lifestyles, and environmental influences make this disorder much worse.
Varicocele: This condition involves swelling of veins around the testicles and can impair sperm quality.
Hormone Issues: Testosterone imbalance can affect sperm production as well as the quality.
Other issues couples might face:
Infection: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can also contribute to infertility.
Sexual dysfunctions: Issues like erection retention, Dyspareunia (painful sex), psychological issues, and more can affect fertility.
Medications: Some supplements and drugs can also affect fertility.
4. Societal Changes
With the progress and opportunities that have come over the years, it’s natural for people to prioritise education and careers, leading to a trend of later marriages. This shift brings many positive aspects, such as personal and professional growth, but it’s also important to recognise that marrying later can sometimes bring age-related fertility challenges.
5. Lack of Awareness
Many couples are unaware of their reproductive health and may not seek help until they have been trying to conceive for an extended period. The stigma surrounding infertility can also prevent individuals from discussing their concerns openly or seeking professional advice.
How do rising Infertility Rates Affect the Indian Economy?
According to a new global study published in The Lancet, India’s fertility rate fell from nearly 6.2 in 1950 to 2.16 in 2021 and is projected to reach 1.29 by 2050 and 1.04 by 2100.
As fewer children are being born, there could be significant implications for India's workforce and economic growth. The country has long been viewed as having a demographic dividend—a large working-age population that can drive economic progress.
However, declining fertility rates could lead to an ageing population with fewer young people entering the workforce.
Potential Solutions To Infertility
While understanding the causes is essential, it's equally important to explore potential infertility solutions that can help couples on their journey toward parenthood.
Lifestyle Changes Are A Must
Making healthier lifestyle choices can significantly improve fertility for both men and women:
A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can support reproductive health.
Exercising consistently helps maintain a healthy weight and reduces stress.
Managing stress through mindfulness practices or yoga can also be beneficial.
Good To Know About Medical Interventions
For couples facing difficulties conceiving, various medical interventions are available:
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): This assisted reproductive technology involves fertilising an egg with sperm outside the body before implanting it into the uterus.
Hormonal Treatments: For conditions like PCOS or hormonal imbalances, doctors may prescribe medications to regulate menstrual cycles and improve ovulation.
Surgery: In some cases, surgical procedures may be necessary to address physical issues affecting fertility.
Who Else Can Help? A Fertility Coach
Figuring out what to do when facing something like infertility can be overwhelming, but support is available. A Pregnancy and Fertility Coach can provide invaluable guidance throughout this journey:
They offer personalised advice on nutrition and lifestyle changes tailored to individual needs.
Coaches can help identify underlying issues contributing to infertility and suggest appropriate steps to address them.
They provide emotional support during what can be a challenging time, helping individuals cope with stress and anxiety related to conception.
Where To Find Trusted Pregnancy and Fertility Coaches?
At PYNG, we have listed several experienced fertility consultants who specialize in areas such as managing PCOS issues, creating effective fertility diets, providing guidance on conceiving strategies, and assisting with baby planning.
Their expertise can make a significant difference in your journey toward parenthood.
Support is Just a Step Away
Infertility is a pressing issue, and it's affecting millions of couples across the country. So take proactive steps toward improving your reproductive health and do not let "what will the society say" affect you.
Seek support from professionals like a Pregnancy and Fertility Coach to get tailored guidance for your unique situation. They can help you navigate this journey with compassion and expertise.
Disclaimer: This information provided is intended for general informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional advice or guidance. For personalized recommendations or specific concerns, please consult a certified professional.
